Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands inside the ear canal. Its main job is to protect the inner ear by trapping dust, dirt, and bacteria before they can reach deeper, more sensitive areas. Even though many people think earwax is dirty, it actually plays an important role in keeping the ears healthy and clean.

The amount of earwax someone produces varies from person to person. Things like genetics, age, dry skin, or using earbuds regularly can all affect how much builds up. Sometimes earwax can harden or get pushed deeper into the ear, especially when people clean their ears with cotton swabs — which often makes the problem worse. When too much earwax collects, it can cause symptoms like ear fullness, itching, reduced hearing, or mild discomfort.

Removing earwax safely is important. The best methods include using ear drops, warm water rinses, or having it removed by a healthcare professional. Avoid pushing objects into the ear canal because this can compact the wax, scratch the skin, or even damage the eardrum. Letting the ear clean itself naturally is often the safest choice.