Earwax, known medically as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It helps protect the ear by trapping dust, bacteria, and other small particles, while also keeping the ear canal moisturized and preventing dryness or irritation.

Problems occur when earwax builds up or becomes impacted. This can cause symptoms like muffled hearing, ear fullness, itching, ringing in the ear, or even mild pain and dizziness. Using cotton swabs often makes the problem worse by pushing wax deeper into the ear.

For safe care, avoid inserting objects into the ear. Softening drops (saline, mineral oil, or pharmacy ear drops) can help in mild cases. If blockage persists, professional removal by a healthcare provider is the safest option to prevent damage to the ear canal or eardrum.